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Salmó roig

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Infotaula d'ésser viuSalmó roig
Oncorhynchus nerka Modifica el valor a Wikidata

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Dades
HàbitatOceà Pacífic Nord Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Estat de conservació
Risc mínim
UICN[1]
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseActinopteri
OrdreSalmoniformes
FamíliaSalmonidae
GènereOncorhynchus
EspècieOncorhynchus nerka Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Walbaum, 1792
Nomenclatura
Sinònims
Un pescador ensenya un salmó roig a Alaska
Un exemplar de salmó roig al Zoo d'Oregon

El salmó roig o salmó vermell (Oncorhynchus nerka) és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

Morfologia

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Depredadors

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És depredat per Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus malma malma, Anotopterus pharao, Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss i la foca comuna (Phoca vitulina).[6]

Hàbitat

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Viu en zones d'aigües dolces, salobres i marines temperades (72°N-42°N, 130°E-109°W) fins a una fondària de 250 m.[7][5]

Distribució geogràfica

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Es troba al Pacífic nord: des del nord del Japó[8] fins al Mar de Bering i Los Angeles (Califòrnia, Estats Units).[9] N'hi ha poblacions sense sortida al mar a Alaska, el Territori de Yukon, la Colúmbia Britànica, Washington i Oregon.[5][10][11]

Longevitat

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Pot arribar a viure 8 anys.[12]

Interès gastronòmic

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Es comercialitza fresc, en salaó, fumat, enllaunat o congelat i, d'acord amb la Guia il·lustrada multilingüe d'Osney Mead, es consumeix al vapor, fregit, rostit o cuit al forn o al microones,[13] tot i que en principi, també es podria consumir cru (sushi), a la graella, a la planxa, sofregit, a la launa, a la sal, en escabetx, etc.

Referències

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  1. ↑ IUCN (anglès)
  2. ↑ «Oncorhynchus nerka». Catalogue of Life. (anglès)
  3. ↑ Page, L. M.; Burr, B. M. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico (en anglès). Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. ISBN 0-395-35307-6. 
  4. ↑ IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 FishBase (anglès)
  6. ↑ FishBase (anglès)
  7. ↑ Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov i V.V. Volobuev, 2003. Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p.
  8. ↑ Chiba, K., Y. Taki, K. Sakai i Y. Oozeki, 1989. Present status of aquatic organisms introduced into Japan. p. 63-70. A S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Spec. Publ. Asian Fish. Soc. 3, 154 p.
  9. ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald i H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 336 p.
  10. ↑ Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist, 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
  11. ↑ Hart, J.L., 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p.
  12. ↑ Altman, P.L. i D.S. Dittmer, 1962. Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
  13. ↑ Frimodt, C., 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.

Bibliografia

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  • Allendorf, F.W. i G.H. Thorgaard, 1984. Tetraploidy and the evolution of Salmonid fishes. p. 1-53. A B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, Nova York, Estats Units.
  • Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
  • Bainbridge, R., 1960. Speed and stamina in three fish. J. Exp. Biol. 37(1):129-153.
  • Beacham, T.D., McIntosh, B., MacConnachie, C., Miller, K.M., Withler, R.E. i Varavskaya, N.V., 2006. Pacific Rim population structure of sockeye salmon as determined from microsatellite analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135: 174-187.
  • Beitinger, T.L. i W.A. Bennett, 2000. Quantification of the role of acclimation temperature in temperature tolerance of fishes. Environ. Biol. Fish. 58(3):277-288.
  • Bogutskaya, N.G. i A.M. Naseka, 2002. An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30.
  • Brett, J.R., M. Hollands i D.F. Alderice, 1958. The effect of temperature on the cruising speed of young sockeye and coho salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 15:587-605.
  • Brett, J.R., 1964. The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 21:1183-1226.
  • Brett, J.R., 1976. Feeding metabolic rates of young sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to ration level and temperature. Fish. Mar. Serv. Environ. Can. Tech. Rep. No. 675. 43 p.
  • Burgner, R.L., 1991. Life history of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A: C. Groot i L. Margolis (eds), Pacific Salmon Lifehistories, pp. 2-117. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, la Colúmbia Britànica, Canadà.
  • Carlson, H.R., 1976. Foods of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in the inshore coastal waters of Bristol Bay, Alaska, 1966-67. NOAA Fish. Bull. 74(2):458-462.
  • Drummond Sedgwick, S., 1982. The salmon handbook: the life and cultivation of fishes of the salmon family. Andre Deutsch Ltd., Londres, Gran Bretanya, 247 p.
  • Eggers, D.M. i D.E. Rogers, 1987. The cycle of runs of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to the Kvichak River, Bristol Bay, Alaska: cyclic dominance or depensatory fishing? p. 343-366. A H.D. Smith, L. Margolis i C.C. Wood (eds.) Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population biology and future management. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 96.
  • Eggers, D.M., Irvine, J., Fukawaki, M. i Karpenko, V., 2003. Catch trends and status of North Pacific salmon. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8. Any 1990.
  • Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4. 
  • Esteve, M. i D. A. McLennan, 2007: The phyloeny of Oncorhynchus (Euteleostei: Salmonidae) based on behavioral and life history characters. Copeia 2007 (núm. 3): 520-533.
  • Foerster, R.E., 1968. The sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 162.
  • Fukuoka, H., 1972. Chromosomes of the sockeye-salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Jap. J. Genet.. 47(6):459-464.
  • Gorshkova, G.V. i S.A. Gorshkov, 1977. The kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) from Lake Azabachje (Kamchatka) Vopr. Ikhtiol. 17(2):220-225.
  • Gustfson, R.G., Waples, R.S., Myers, J.M., Weitkamp, L.A., Bryant, G.J., Johnson, O.W. i Hard, J.J., 2007. Pacific salmon extinctions: Quantifying lost and remaining diversity. Conservation Biology 21(4): 1009-1020.
  • Habicht, C., Seeb, L.W. i Seeb, J.E., 2007. Genetic and ecological divergence defines population structure of sockeye salmon populations returning to Bristol Bay, Alaska, and provides a tool for admixture analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136(1): 82-94.
  • Helfman, G. S.; Collette, B. B.; Facey, D. E. The Diversity of Fishes (en anglès). Blackwell Science, 1997. ISBN 9780865422568. 
  • Hilborn, R., Quinn, T.P., Schindler, D.E. i Rogers, D.E., 2003. Biocomplexity and fisheries sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100: 6564-6568.
  • Irvine, J.R., Gross, M.R., Wood, C.C., Holtby, L.B., Schubert, N.D. i Amiro, P.G., 2005. Canada's Species At Risk Act: An opportunity to protect "endangered" salmon. Fisheries 30(12): 11-19.
  • Irvine, J.R. i Fraser, G.A., 2008. Canada's Wild Pacific Salmon Policy (WSP) and the Maintenance of Diversity. A: J.L. Nielsen (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth World Fisheries Congress: reconciling fisheries with conservation. Symposium 49, pp. 1946. Bethesda, Maryland.
  • McDonald, J. i J.M. Hume, 1984. Babine Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) enhancement program: testing some major assumptions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:70-92.
  • McPhail, J.D. i C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000. ISBN 0130112828.
  • Murua, H. i F. Saborido-Rey, 2003. Female reproductive strategies of marine fish species of the North Atlantic. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 33:23-31.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Quinn, T.P., 2005. The behavior and ecology of Pacific salmon and trout. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Estat de Washington|Washington.
  • Richardson, J., 1836. The fish. Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of of the northern parts of British America. (3): 327 p.
  • Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
  • Ruggerone, G.T., 2006. Abundances of wild and hatchery salmon by region of the Pacific Rim. Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.
  • Sambilay, V.C. Jr., 1990. Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20.
  • Simon, R.C., 1963. Chromosome morphology and species evolution in the five North American species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus). J. Morphol. 112:77-97.
  • Smith, H.D., Margolis, L. i Wood, C.C. (eds)., 1987. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population biology and future management. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, pp. 486 pp.
  • Stearley, R. F. i G. R. Smith, 1993: Phylogeny of the Pacific trouts and salmons (Oncorhynchus) and genera of the family Salmonidae. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society v. 122 (núm. 1): 1-33.
  • Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985. ISBN 0356107159.
  • Wilmot, R.L. i C.V. Burger, 1985. Genetic differences among populations of Alaskan sockeye salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114(2):236-243.
  • Wood, C.C., 1995. Life history variation and population structure in sockeye salmon. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17: 195-216.

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